Understanding the Basics of Rotary Calciner



Heavy industries place rotary calciners as one of its top pieces of equipment, and its calcination process is equally important to the product quality. Rotary calciners are high-temperature machines used for processing materials into the desired form by either altering the state and composition of a material or by removing moisture.

A rotary calciner is used for various material processing applications. A rotary calciner can be  used to act as the reaction channel  for a host of specialised operations in the chemical, metals, and mineral industries. It can be applied using calcination, thermal desorption and drying.

Calcination

During calcination, the product changes its form chemically or physically under a specific temperature for a required amount of time. Calcination can involve reduction, oxidation,  removal of chemically bound water,  pyrolysis and crystal structure changes.

Calcination is often referred to as thermal processing, and this is because an Indirect rotary calciner is heated from the outside of an enclosed chamber. Thus, the rotary kiln for calcination can process materials that are fine, sensitive to oxidation, or thermally sensitive.  This is done by heating a  material to a particular temperature to cause thermal decomposition.

Thermal Desorption

This is the process of utilizing heat removal or vaporizing a specific component from a material. For this, Indirect rotary calciners are useful for this application, and this is because there is no direct contact between flame and the material.

Drying

Rotary kiln for calcination can also be used to dry abundant materials, and this is easy for the equipment because of its ability to control material integrity and air temperature When used this way,  the machines are often referred to as rotary kiln dryers.

Materials that commonly calcined include; Alumina, Advanced Ceramics, Anatase/Rutile, Bauxite, Calcium Carbonate, Catalysts, Dolomite, Hydrotalcite, Glass Materials, Gypsum, Kaolin, Limestone, Specialty Chemicals, Petroleum Coke, Phosphate Ore, Silica, Zeolites and Zinc Carbonate.

These materials are gradually heated along the chamber body of the calciner, often in varied temperature zones. A rotating cylinder gently pushes the material along the chamber as it is fed into the calciner. The rotary kiln for calcination uses a rotation that promotes even material distribution and processing. The rotation speed and temperature are controlled according to the necessary process or material application.

During this process, chemical reactions might take place which can lead to a change in the state of the material, or removal of moisture, depending on the specific application that’s required. Since heat is applied from outside the chamber, material integrity is preserved throughout the process. After the completion of the heating process, the material often made to go through a cooling phase within the chamber. The material is then deposited at the opposite end of the calciner in its finished form.

The Rotary kilns for calcination are occasionally used alongside a spray dryer to process materials that have already been spray dried into powder form. This additional processing can accomplish desired material changes for advanced manufacturing applications. Also, rotary calciners are also designed to withstand much higher temperatures. The rotary calciner will heat it up to cause a chemical reaction on the material being processed.

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